Why is freezing rain particularly hazardous to aviation operations?

Freezing rain is particularly hazardous to aviation operations primarily because it can create hazardous ice accumulation on aircraft surfaces and ground infrastructures. When rain falls at temperatures below freezing, it does not freeze until it comes into contact with a surface that is at or below the freezing point. This leads to a layer of ice forming on the wings, tail, and other critical components of an aircraft, which can severely impact aerodynamic performance. The accumulation of ice alters the shape of the aircraft surfaces, reducing lift and increasing drag, which can compromise the aircraft’s ability to fly safely.

Furthermore, this ice accumulation can also affect ground operations. It can make runways and taxiways slick and unsafe, increasing the risk of accidents during takeoff and landing. De-icing procedures become necessary to ensure safety, further complicating operations.

While other factors such as turbulence during takeoff, visibility reduction, and temperature fluctuations can affect aviation as well, the immediate and direct impact of ice accumulation on flight safety makes it the primary concern related to freezing rain.