What does a weather radar system primarily detect?

A weather radar system primarily detects precipitation and associated turbulence. This is due to its capability to emit radio waves that bounce off precipitation particles, such as raindrops, snowflakes, and hail. The radar can measure both the intensity and location of these particles, effectively determining where precipitation is occurring. Additionally, the radar can identify the movement of these precipitation particles, which helps to assess turbulence in the atmosphere as well.

This primary function is essential for pilots and meteorologists since understanding precipitation is crucial for flight safety, route planning, and anticipating possible turbulence. Although weather radar systems can provide some indirect information about wind patterns and the general nature of a storm, their main focus is on detecting and analyzing precipitation. This makes the option regarding precipitation and associated turbulence the most accurate representation of a weather radar system's capabilities.